Extrinsic motivation involves rewards that occur outside the learner’s control. These may include token economic rewards for good performance, peer acceptance of good performance, avoidance of “punishment” by performing well, praise for good work, and so on.
However, many students demonstrate intrinsic motivation in their desire to understand a topic or concept (task-related), to outperform others (ego-related), or to impress others (social-related). The last goal straddles the fence between intrinsic and extrinsic.
With these basic concepts in mind, there are specific techniques that might be expanded, embellished, and adapted to the teacher’s personality and, above all, made appropriate for the learner’s level of ability and environment. The strategies are the important parts to remember—examples are provided merely to help understand the techniques.